Demographics and outcomes of hemoglobin genotype in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and sickle cell disease in the United States.

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with poor outcomes in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. However, there is a paucity of data comparing hemoglobin (Hb) genotypes in SCD and infection outcomes. METHODS: The National Inpatient Sample was used to identify the record of hospitalizations with COVID-19 and SCD in 2020 using the International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes. Study outcomes (invasive mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, shock, vasopressor use, measures of resource utilization, and in-hospital mortality) were compared between hemoglobin SS, SC, and S-beta thalassemia (Sß). RESULTS: Of the 102 975 COVID-19 hospitalizations with SCD, 87.26% had HbSS, 7.16% had HbSC, and 5.58% had HbSß. Younger patients were more likely to have HbSS, while older patients were likely to have HbSC and HbSß. HbSS was more frequent with Blacks, while HbSß was more prevalent with Whites and Hispanics. Though measures of resource utilization were higher in HbSS, there was no significant difference in in-hospital outcomes between the three genotypes. CONCLUSION: There is no difference in COVID-19 outcomes among Hb genotypes in SCD. Further studies are needed to explore the reasons for this observation.

Outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalizations in patients with sickle cell disease: A nationwide analysis.

INTRODUCTION: There is a paucity of data on the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the United States. We examined the outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and SCD. METHODS: We utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to identify the data of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and SCD in 2020 using the International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes. In-hospital outcomes (invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality) were compared between SCD and non-SCD groups. RESULTS: Of the 1 057 550 COVID-19 hospitalizations, 2870 (0.3%) had SCD. The median age of the SCD group was 42 (IQR: 31) vs. 66 (IQR: 23) in the non-SCD group (p < .0001). Patients with SCD were likely to be females (62.02% vs. 37.98%, p < .0001), Blacks (87.81% vs. 12.19%, p < .0001), and in the lowest income quartile (50.62% vs. 11.15%, p < .0001). There was no difference in the outcomes between the two groups. There were increased odds of invasive mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 in Asians, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Blacks (except for in-hospital mortality) compared to Whites. CONCLUSION: In-hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation outcomes in SCD are comparable to that in non-SCD patients hospitalized with COVID-19.